Then [1950] if an American woman traveling alone wished to eat in a restaurant at night, even inside her own hotel, the head waiter would place before her a small American flag to warn the Spanish dandies that this one was not a prostitute, even though she was eating alone in public; now [1966] women frequent cafés alone, a thing quite impossible even five years ago.
--James Michener (1907-1997), Iberia, chapter "Madrid."